Éponge Tubulaire Brune

Overview

Haliclona aquaeductus is a marine sponge known for its distinctive tubiform structure, often forming thick cushions topped with small, upright chimneys. These chimneys can grow up to 10 cm in height and may intertwine or fuse together, creating colonies that can reach approximately 20 cm in diameter.

Distribution & habitat

This species is primarily found throughout the Mediterranean Sea and in the neighboring eastern Atlantic, specifically around the Azores. It is a sciaphilous (shade-loving) organism that typically inhabits dimly lit environments, such as the undersides of overhangs or the ceilings of caves within the infralittoral zone.

Appearance

The sponge is characterized by its soft, spongy texture that tears easily. Its color ranges from cream to rose-brown, sometimes appearing with a purplish-red hue. The surface of the tubes is regular and features numerous small, visible inhalant pores, while the terminal ends of the chimneys possess large oscules that can reach up to 2 cm in diameter.

Biology & behavior

Like other sponges, H. aquaeductus is a filter feeder. It draws in water through its pores to extract microparticles, such as bacteria, unicellular algae, and organic debris, typically smaller than 3 micrometers. This water current is generated by specialized ciliated cells known as choanocytes. The species reproduces both sexually, through the release of swimming ciliated larvae, and potentially through other multiplication methods.