European Shag

Overview

The European Shag (Gulosus aristotelis) is a medium-sized, slender seabird belonging to the cormorant family. It is widely distributed across the rocky coastlines of western and southern Europe, southwest Asia, and northern Africa, where it typically remains within its breeding range throughout the year.

Appearance

Adults are characterized by their all-black plumage, which often displays a subtle green or blue-green gloss during the breeding season. They are smaller and more slender than the Great Cormorant, featuring a long, thin neck, a distinctive steep forehead, and a slim, yellowish bill. During the breeding season, adults develop a small crest on the forehead, and the base of the bill—known as the gape—shows a bright yellow patch.

Biology & behavior

These birds are skilled, foot-propelled divers capable of reaching depths of over 30 meters and remaining submerged for up to two minutes. They are frequently observed standing on coastal rocks with their wings spread wide to dry their feathers after foraging. Shags are colonial nesters, typically building their nests on cliff ledges or rocky shores. They are long-lived birds, with some individuals surviving for nearly 30 years.

Feeding

As specialized marine predators, European Shags feed primarily on small fish, such as sandeels. They hunt by diving and swimming underwater to capture their prey, often foraging in benthic environments.