Small-spotted Catshark

Overview

The Small-spotted Catshark is a common, demersal shark species widely distributed across the Northeastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea. Often found resting on the seabed during the day, this small shark is primarily nocturnal and plays a significant role in the local marine food web.

Distribution & habitat

This species inhabits the Eastern Atlantic from Norway down to Senegal, as well as the Mediterranean and Adriatic Seas. It typically favors sandy, muddy, or gravelly substrates, though it is also frequently encountered in rocky areas.

Appearance

It possesses a slender, shark-like body with a blunt, rounded snout. Its dorsal surface is characteristically greyish-brown and covered in distinct dark spots, while the underside is a lighter, pale grey or white. The nostrils are connected to the mouth by a curved groove, and it features five pairs of gill slits, with the final two positioned over the pectoral fins.

Biology & behavior

Small-spotted Catsharks are generally more active at night. They are known for their resilience and are often studied as a model species for shark biology. While they are abundant, they are sensitive to environmental changes and overexploitation.

Feeding

As a nocturnal hunter, this shark has a varied diet consisting of small crustaceans, mollusks, marine worms, sea cucumbers, and small fish.

Reproduction

This species is oviparous, meaning it reproduces by laying eggs. Females deposit leathery, rectangular egg cases—commonly called "mermaid's purses"—which feature long, curly filaments that anchor them to seaweed, rocks, or other sessile marine organisms. Egg-laying can occur year-round, though it often peaks in late spring and summer.