Axillary Wrasse

Overview

The Axillary Wrasse is a common marine fish native to the Mediterranean Sea and the eastern Atlantic Ocean, ranging from Portugal to Morocco, including the Azores and Madeira. These fish are typically found in pairs or small groups and are known for their association with seagrass beds and rocky substrates.

Distribution & habitat

This species primarily inhabits coastal waters, favoring eelgrass beds and rocky bottoms. While they are most frequently encountered at shallower depths, they can be found across a range extending from the surface down to approximately 50 meters.

Appearance

The Axillary Wrasse has an elongated, fusiform body that typically displays a reddish-brown or tawny coloration, which may appear more greenish in individuals living within seagrass. A key diagnostic feature is a prominent dark spot on the upper part of the caudal peduncle and another at the base of the pectoral fins. In males, the pectoral spot is black with a distinct yellow ring, whereas in females, it is brown. During the breeding season, males may develop blue tones on their throat and the edges of their fins.

Biology & behavior

These wrasses are diurnal and generally shy, making them more difficult to observe than some of their relatives. They are omnivorous with a strong carnivorous tendency, feeding on a variety of small invertebrates including mollusks, gastropods, bivalves, sea urchins, and bryozoans.

Reproduction

Spawning occurs from late spring through summer. The species exhibits complex reproductive behavior where dominant males construct cup-shaped nests out of algae. After attracting females through courtship displays, the male fertilizes the eggs and remains to guard the nest, showing significant aggression toward other males during this period.