Pilotfish

Overview

The Pilotfish is a widely distributed, epipelagic species known for its unique commensal relationship with large marine animals. Often found in warm and tropical open seas, these fish frequently accompany sharks, rays, sea turtles, and even ships to secure food and protection.

Distribution & habitat

This species is circumtropical, inhabiting temperate and tropical marine waters worldwide. While primarily oceanic and pelagic, adults are often observed in coastal waters. Juveniles are commonly found associated with drifting seaweed, debris, or jellyfish, which provide shelter in the open ocean.

Appearance

The Pilotfish has a fusiform, slender body with a rounded head and a forked tail. Its coloration typically features a silvery-white or bluish background marked by 5 to 7 broad, dark vertical bars that persist throughout its life. The tips of the caudal, second dorsal, and anal fins often display prominent white markings. While they can reach lengths of up to 70 cm, they are more commonly seen at smaller sizes.

Biology & behavior

Pilotfish maintain a semi-obligate commensal lifestyle, often swimming alongside large predators. They are known to feed on scraps of the host's prey, ectoparasites found on the host's body, and even the host's excrement. This behavior is thought to provide the Pilotfish with both sustenance and a degree of protection from other predators. They are also known to follow vessels for long distances, occasionally approaching divers out of curiosity.