Strawberry Anemone

Overview

The Strawberry Anemone (Actinia fragacea) is a distinctive marine cnidarian known for its stout, red body covered in numerous small, greenish spots that resemble strawberry pips. Often found in rocky coastal environments, this solitary predator is a common sight in the lower intertidal and shallow sublittoral zones.

Appearance

This species features a smooth, cylindrical column that can reach up to 10 cm in diameter. When submerged, it displays approximately 200 short, often reddish or purplish tentacles. A key identifying feature is the ring of 24 to 48 small, bead-like structures known as acrorhagi located around the top of the column. These vesicles are filled with stinging cells and are typically blue, white, or pink. When retracted at low tide or if disturbed, the anemone takes on a compact, rounded shape that strongly resembles a strawberry.

Distribution & habitat

Actinia fragacea is primarily found in the northeastern Atlantic, ranging from Norway down to the coasts of West Africa, and is also present in the Mediterranean. It prefers rocky shores, where it attaches firmly to boulders, rock faces, or within crevices. Unlike its close relative, the Beadlet Anemone (Actinia equina), it is typically restricted to the lower levels of the shore and does not colonize the upper intertidal zone.

Biology & behavior

This anemone is a solitary and highly territorial species that actively defends its immediate patch from other anemones and potential predators using its stinging acrorhagi. It is a diurnal predator that captures small crustaceans, fish, and organic debris with its tentacles. Reproduction can occur through both sexual means and asexual division.