Tiger Cardinalfish

Overview

The Tiger Cardinalfish (Cheilodipterus macrodon) is a widespread marine species found throughout the tropical Indo-Pacific, including the Red Sea. Known for its distinct appearance and nocturnal habits, this fish typically inhabits clear-water reef environments where it seeks shelter in caves and under ledges during the day.

Distribution & habitat

This species is native to the Indo-West Pacific, ranging from East Africa and the Red Sea to the Pitcairn Islands. Its distribution extends north to the Ryukyu Islands and south to Lord Howe Island and Rapa. It is commonly found on outer reef slopes and in lagoons at depths between 0.5 and 40 meters.

Appearance

The Tiger Cardinalfish is characterized by a pale grey body marked with eight broad, red-brown horizontal stripes. It possesses large, canine-like teeth and a whitish area on the caudal peduncle. While adults have an indistinct dark spot near the tail, juveniles display a prominent black blotch that diffuses as they mature. They also feature two dorsal fins and large eyes, sometimes marked with yellow lines.

Biology & behavior

Primarily nocturnal, these fish are often seen hovering solitarily or in pairs in midwater. They exhibit obligate monogamy, forming stable, long-term pairs that do not defend exclusive territories. As mouthbrooders, the males carry fertilized eggs in their mouths until they hatch, a process during which they do not feed.

Feeding

This species is a carnivore that feeds primarily on small fishes and crustaceans. Its diet varies by region, with stomach content analyses showing a heavy reliance on small teleost fish, supplemented by shrimp and other benthic organisms.