Horned Bream

Overview

The Horned Bream, also known as the Zebra seabream, is a widespread marine fish recognized by its distinctive appearance and social nature. It is commonly found in the Eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean, where it inhabits rocky coastal environments.

Distribution & habitat

This species is distributed throughout the Mediterranean and the Eastern Atlantic, ranging from the Bay of Biscay down to South Africa, including the Canary Islands and Madeira. While they are often found on rocky substrates, their habitat preference shifts with age; juveniles frequently inhabit shallow coastal areas and seagrass meadows, whereas adults typically occupy deeper rocky zones.

Appearance

The Horned Bream has an oval, laterally compressed body with a silvery-blue sheen. Its most striking feature is a series of wide, vertical black bands that run along its flanks, with the first passing through the eye and the last located on the caudal peduncle. It is also characterized by a somewhat pointed snout, thick lips, and a protractile mouth.

Biology & behavior

This species is a gregarious fish that often forms small schools, though individuals may be seen alone. It is a protogynous hermaphrodite, meaning individuals can change sex from female to male as they age. They are known to be relatively long-lived, with some individuals reaching at least 17 years of age.

Feeding

The Horned Bream is an omnivore. Its diet consists of a variety of small invertebrates, such as crustaceans and worms, as well as seaweeds and other marine vegetation.