Pillow Cushion Star

Overview

The Pillow Cushion Star is a distinctive, large sea star known for its inflated, pentagonal body that resembles a pincushion. Widely distributed across the tropical Indo-Pacific, this species is frequently encountered by divers on coral reefs.

Appearance

Adults are characterized by their subglobose shape and significantly abbreviated arms, which make them appear almost globular. Their coloration is highly variable, often featuring a mottled pattern of fawn, brown, orange, yellow, and green. The body wall is armored with calcareous ossicles, providing a tough, protective exterior. Interestingly, juveniles look remarkably different; they are flat and star-shaped, gradually developing their signature inflated, cushion-like form as they mature.

Distribution & habitat

This species is found throughout the Indian and Pacific Oceans, with a range extending from Madagascar and the Seychelles to the Philippines, Australia, and Hawaii. They typically inhabit coral reefs, often found on reef slopes and flats where they may hide among or under live corals and rocks.

Biology & behavior

Cushion stars are generally solitary and are known to be primarily nocturnal feeders. They possess a unique defense mechanism: if overturned, they can right themselves by inflating their bodies, allowing wave action to flip them back over. They also produce toxins that may offer protection from predators. While they consume live coral, they are not considered a major threat to reef health in the same way as the crown-of-thorns starfish.