Curled Octopus

Overview

The Curled Octopus (Eledone cirrhosa) is a solitary, benthic cephalopod widely distributed across the northeast Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea. It is easily recognized by the single row of suckers on each of its eight arms, which typically remain curled when the animal is at rest.

Distribution & habitat

This species ranges from the waters of Norway and Iceland in the north down to the Moroccan coast, including the British Isles and the Mediterranean. It inhabits a variety of seafloor environments, including rocky, sandy, and muddy bottoms, often found at depths ranging from shallow coastal waters down to several hundred meters.

Appearance

Adults feature a broad, ovoid mantle covered in fine granulations and larger wart-like bumps, with a distinct pale ridge encircling the lateral edge. Their dorsal coloration varies from yellowish to reddish-orange or reddish-brown with rust-colored patches, while the underside is white. A notable identifying feature is a small, prominent filament or "horn" located above each eye.

Biology & behavior

As an intelligent and elusive predator, the Curled Octopus spends much of its time hiding in crevices or among rocks. When threatened, it can rapidly change color to blend into its surroundings or release a dark ink cloud to distract predators and facilitate an escape.

Feeding

This octopus is an active hunter that feeds primarily on crustaceans, including crabs and lobsters, as well as mollusks and fish. It uses a powerful, beak-like jaw to drill through the shells of its prey to reach the soft tissue inside.