Broccoli Coral

Overview

Litophyton arboreum, commonly known as the Broccoli Coral, is a widespread soft coral found throughout the Red Sea and the Western Pacific. This octocoral is recognized for its distinct, tree-like growth form and is a common inhabitant of tropical reef environments.

Distribution & habitat

This species is primarily distributed from the Red Sea across the tropical Indo-Pacific. It is typically found on seaward reef slopes and hard substrates, often occurring in shallow to moderate depths. Colonies generally grow in isolation, though they may occasionally be found in sparse groups.

Appearance

The Broccoli Coral can reach heights of up to 80 cm. It features a smooth, sturdy trunk that lacks polyps, supporting a complex, arborescent structure of branches. These branches are densely covered in small clusters of polyps, which give the coral its characteristic broccoli-like appearance. Its coloration is variable, ranging from pale olive-green to yellow or grey, sometimes appearing pinkish under certain lighting conditions.

Biology & behavior

This coral maintains a symbiotic relationship with zooxanthellae, the algae living within its tissues that provide energy through photosynthesis. Unlike many other corals, its polyps can remain expanded regardless of day or night cycles, creating a fluid, moving appearance in the water current. The species is also noted in scientific research for its rich production of secondary metabolites, such as sesquiterpenes and steroids, which are of interest for their potential biological and pharmaceutical properties.