Arabian Cushion Star

Overview

The Arabian Cushion Star (Culcita coriacea) is a distinctive, plump sea star endemic to the Arabian region, particularly the Red Sea and the waters around Oman. Unlike its relatives, it features a more defined, subpentagonal shape with five stout, clearly visible arms emerging from a convex central disc.

Distribution & habitat

This species is restricted to the Arabian region. It is typically found in shallow coastal environments, including lagoons, inner reef flats, and areas characterized by sand, rubble, or coral, often among seagrasses and algae.

Appearance

Reaching up to 30 cm in diameter, this sea star has a leathery, rough-textured surface. Its coloration is variable, generally ranging from cream to orange, often featuring dark, irregular patterns or lines along the crests of its arms. Dark brown, conical tubercles are frequently present, sometimes forming loose, aligned rows on the upper surface.

Biology & behavior

Culcita coriacea is generally slow-moving and often observed in isolation. It is an omnivorous feeder, primarily consuming the epibenthic film of organic detritus and microorganisms found on algae and seagrasses. It may also feed on coral polyps and other slow-moving benthic animals by extending its stomach over its food source. Reproduction is gonochoric, with individuals releasing gametes into the water column in response to pheromonal signals, resulting in planktonic larvae.