Mediterranean Mermaid's Glove

Overview

The Mediterranean Mermaid's Glove (Axinella verrucosa) is a distinctive, sessile sponge known for its vibrant yellow to orange coloration. It typically grows in an erect, branching form that resembles a cluster of rigid, finger-like columns.

Appearance

This sponge is characterized by its numerous cylindrical branches, which often feature a "mealy" or velvety surface texture. A network of translucent canals is usually visible across the sponge, leading to circular oscules (exhalant pores) located at the tips of the branches. In living specimens, these oscules may be partially surrounded by a small, triangular flap of tissue. While growth forms can vary, the sponge generally reaches heights of 10 to 15 cm.

Distribution & habitat

Axinella verrucosa is primarily found throughout the Mediterranean Sea and in parts of the tropical northeastern Atlantic, including Macaronesian archipelagos and the Gulf of Guinea. It is a benthic species that prefers low-light environments, commonly attaching to rocky substrates or inhabiting underwater caves.

Biology & behavior

As a filter-feeding animal, this sponge survives by extracting organic particles, such as microplankton, bacteria, and microalgae, from the surrounding water. It is a sciaphilous species, meaning it thrives in shaded or light-deprived areas. It sometimes serves as a host for other marine life, such as the yellow encrusting anemone (Parazoanthus axinellae), which may live on its surface in a commensal relationship.